Starbucks Case

As a result, Cataracts consistently appears on â€Å"Best Places to Work† lists, and Schultz continues to be recognized for leadership by organizations such as the Deciphers Institute, Fortune, and Glissando (â€Å"Cataracts and Howard,† 2014). Schultz also appears on Fortunes first list Of the Android's 50 Greatest Leaders† as number 29 (Cataracts News). Although critics may believe that Schultz success is a result of mere luck and situational factors, several leadership theories explain why Schultz and Cataracts continue to be successful.The most important of these theories include trait theory and transformational leadership theory, which Schultz illustrates with many of his leadership traits, skills, and beliefs. Situational factors contributed to the initial success of Cataracts, but Schultz leadership abilities, ethics, and passion are what make Cataracts a driving force in the food and beverage industry today. Schultz exemplifies dynamic leadership skills b y his ability to push Cataracts forward without losing integrity.Although Schultz led Cataracts to be the successful company that it is today, he stepped down from his position in 2000. However, the company experienced several problems in 2008 because of an unstable economy and a series of poor management decisions. Schultz then felt compelled to return to the company. When Schultz returned, he found that â€Å"things were worse than [he'd] thought† (Igniting, 2010). The Cataracts leadership team admitted to failing the company's employees and heir families, and Schultz had to make several difficult decisions to restore the company.In addition to the crises in management, the financial crisis of the economy added stress on the Cataracts leadership team. Customers began to rethink spending four dollars on a latte, and eventually competition set in as other businesses saw Cataracts turning a profit from selling coffee. The overwhelming amount of problems challenged Schultz goal of preserving and improving the integrity of the company and its â€Å"values, culture, guiding principles, and the reservoir of trust with Cataracts people† Igniting, 2010).Howard Schultz got Cataracts back on track by using his existing knowledge of the company, an asset other Coos did not have. He tried to do ‘the right thing† by shutting down the stores for three and a half hours for retraining. He said, ‘†We are retraining our people because we have forgotten what we stand for, and that is the pursuit of an unequivocal, absolute commitment to quality† (Igniting, 2010). Schultz motivation and thirst for success allowed Cataracts to regain its strength.In the years 2006 to 201 3, the company underwent several leadership arrangements because Schultz carefully chose certain people for leadership positions that would optimize the growth of the company. In 2011, Cataracts adopted a new corporate structure to accelerate its growth strategy. Schult z said, â€Å"Our company performance over the past two years has positioned Cataracts for significant international opportunities ahead† (â€Å"Cataracts Announces New Leadership,† 2011 He decided to execute a multi-brand, multinational strategy that would optimize the company's speed and focus going forward.Schultz implemented a three-region organization Structure including China and Asia Pacific, the Americas, and MEME (Europe, LLC. K. Middle East, Russia, and Africa). He selected John Culver, Cliff Burrows, and Michelle Gas to serve as president of each region, and the presidents' responsibilities included working with licensed and joint-venture business partners and reporting to Schultz. Cataracts also created a â€Å"multi-brand, multi-channel future by building a portfolio of branded business united beyond the Cataracts retail brand† (â€Å"Cataracts Announces New Leadership,† 201 1).Cattle's Best Coffee and Taco Tea both continued to be important growth opportunities as they generated revenue for the company. Building on the new corporate structure and company success, Schultz decided to strengthen the Cataracts Senior Leadership team in 2014 because he wanted to position the company ‘to leverage its assets and operations, and gain maximum benefit from the retail, consumer, mobile, and digital shifts currently underway in the global marketplace† (â€Å"Cataracts Strengthens Senior Leadership Team†, 2014).Schultz said, â€Å"These organizational moves map our internal talent to the rapidly evolving retail environment and significant strategic and market opportunities ahead of us. With the new leadership structure, Schultz wanted to bring â€Å"greater financial and operational discipline† and to focus on the Cataracts mission and its growth (â€Å"Cataracts Strengthens Senior Leadership Team†, 2014). Senior leadership changes include Troy Lasted to Chief Operating Officer, Scott Maw to Execut ive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Craig Russell to Executive Vice President.With these changes, Schultz intended to focus on â€Å"generation retailing and payments initiatives in the areas of digital, mobile, card, loyalty, and e-commerce† and to prepare for â€Å"its next wave of global growth† â€Å"Cataracts Strengthens Senior Leadership Team†, 2014). The senior leadership changes took effect on February 3, 2014, and Cataracts continues to thrive under the leadership of Howard Schultz. Although Schultz is only one of many leaders who has appeared throughout history, he continues to help redefine what leadership is and how to use one's leadership skills to run a successful company.In general, leadership is defined as the process of providing general direction and influencing individuals or groups to achieve goals, but leaders convey leadership in many different ways (Collar, 201 1). One theory that explains why Schultz is an exceptional lead er is the trait theory of leadership. Atone time, â€Å"it was thought that some people were born with certain traits that made them effective leaders, whereas others were born without leadership traits† (Collar, 201 1).However, research has shown that leaders can learn or develop many of the traits or characteristics that they posses. Still, researchers agree that most successful leaders tend to share common leadership traits, regardless if they learn or inherit them. Some of these important leadership traits include drive, motivation, integrity, self- inference, cognitive ability, knowledge of domain, openness to new experiences, and extroversion, all of which Howard Schultz and other successful leaders exhibit. For example, Schultz displayed both drive and motivation when starting his company.Despite financial stress and emotional struggles with his father's death, Schultz â€Å"channeled his drive to build a company where his father would be proud to work† (George, 2007). Schultz used his past struggles to drive him forward and motivate him to create a working environment that his employees loved and were satisfied with. Rather than displaying a personalized power motive, Schultz displayed a socialized power motive to achieve goals that were in the best interest of the organization and its followers.Schultz also exhibits integrity, since he is honest and maintains consistency between what he says and what he does. As a result, his employees trust him and are happy to work for a company that is ethically sound and fair. The Deciphers Institute named Cataracts as one of the â€Å"World's Most Ethical Companies† for the eighth year in a row because of its honest and trustworthy leaders and employees (â€Å"Cataracts and Howard†, 2014). Furthermore, Schultz also uses his cognitive ability and knowledge of gourmet coffee and customer service to positively influence and teach his employees and partners.Schultz even traveled to Italy t o gain insight on the unique community experience that many Italian espresso bars play in customers' lives so that he could apply many of these concepts that he learned in Italy to his own coffee shops. As a result, Schultz has used traits like his knowledge, drive, motivation, and integrity to make Cataracts into the successful organization that he had always dreamed of as a young child (George, 2007). In addition to trait theory, Schultz leadership skills also support the transformational leadership theory.Transformational leadership theory involves motivating followers to do more than expected, to continuously develop and grow, to increase their level of self-confidence, and to place the interest of the organization before their own. As a result, transformational leaders, like Schultz, are charismatic as well as intellectually stimulating and show individual consideration of followers. Schultz is the perfect example of a transformational leader because he created a company based on his vision f excellence and innovation for the modern coffee shop.His goal was to create a â€Å"third place† for customers in addition to their home and office by focusing on customer service and satisfaction. Therefore, he focused on empowering and instilling pride even in bottom line employees, so that they could be happy at work and create the positive environment that Schultz wanted Cataracts to have. In order to motivate employees, Schultz â€Å"instituted a training program designed to groom knowledgeable employees who would enjoy working behind a counter,† since he believed that friendly, efficient employees would boost sales (â€Å"Howard Schultz,† 2008).By providing high quality products for customers that employees were knowledgeable about, Schultz was able to give employees a job that they could feel proud of and happy to be at. According to John R. Scarsdale, â€Å"Schultz believes the only competitive advantage Cataracts has as a national retai l company is its workforce† (Scarsdale, 2013). Therefore, Schultz values his employees' performance and happiness over everything else that Cataracts offers. As a result, Schultz leadership style â€Å"is based on his compassion for, and commitment to, customers and staff alike† (â€Å"Howard Schultz,† n. D. ).Schultz knows that the key to any company's success begins with its workforce, because the employees interact with the customer everyday and deliver the actual product. Schultz notes, m{U can't expect your employees to exceed the expectations of your customers if you don't exceed the employees' expectations of management. That's the contract† (â€Å"More Excellent Customer Service Quotes†, n. D. ). Although Schultz leadership traits and transformational leadership style are both crucial reasons for Cataracts huge success over the past 40 years, some situational factors are also responsible for part of Cataracts' success.Some Of these situationa l factors include higher demand for quality, increase in fast food businesses, and convenient store locations. Today more and more individuals are focusing on the quality of the food and beverages that they put into their bodies, which has resulted in a higher demand for quality. Rather than just simply buying the cheapest product, consumers want a product that offers the most value for a reasonable price. For example, today more consumers prefer a cup of coffee that is fresh and made to order rather than a cup of coffee that is pre-made from synthetic ingredients.Therefore, any customers are willing to pay a dollar or two more for a higher quality coffee product rather than a lower quality coffee product. However, customers still expect the price for high quality coffee to be fairly reasonable, since the focus on quality in food products is becoming so important. Therefore, consumers now expect high quality products at a lower price. As a result, Cataracts has been able to capitali ze on this new demand for high quality products at a reasonable price with its wide array of quality coffee and beverages.In addition to demand for quality, fast food businesses seem to be lose by no matter where one goes because the demand for food and beverages to go has skyrocketed over the past few decades. Many individuals these days are always on the move and looking for a food or coffee establishment that can satisfy their needs in a short and efficient amount of time. Although it seems as though fast food and beverage options are never out of reach these days, this was not always the case for many coffee shops.For example, Schultz encountered the original Cataracts Coffee in the 1 sass during a sales call in Seattle, when the company only sold roasted whole bean coffees and did not brew coffee to sell. However, now Cataracts offers a huge variety of beverages, snacks, and much more that take only under a few minutes to make for customers. Additionally, Cataracts' convenient locations are another situational factor that helped add to its fast success, since the locations are typically very accessible and easy to find. In addition, the demand for drive thru windows has also given Cataracts a boost for customers in a hurry.Rather than having to physically go into a Cataracts store to order coffee, customers can order from their car if they are in a hurry. As a result, Cataracts has benefited tremendously from its convenient actions and fast service. Situational factors, such as demand for quality, increase in fast food chains, convenient locations, and many others, are all extremely important contributions to Cataracts' huge success. However, Howard Schultz leadership traits and skills that he instilled within his employees were also critical to keep Cataracts the number one coffee chain in the world.For example, Cataracts could be a completely different type of coffee company without Schultz guidance, and both his employees and Cataracts customers would not be as happy without his focus on employee satisfaction and quality service. Although Cataracts would likely still be somewhat successful without Schultz leadership, the company would likely have trouble differentiating itself from other coffee chains. Furthermore, the company also would not have as many loyal customers without their focus on quality customer service, since the employees would not be required to go through intense training.In addition, employees would not be as happy, since many of the employee benefits such as health care may not exist without Schultz. Consequently, unhappy employees could turn away potential and existing customers and only allow Cataracts to have short-term success. As a result, without Schultz focus on employee and customer satisfaction, the situational factors would not have mattered in the long run. Therefore, Schultz leadership skills were essential in establishing Cataracts as a dominant force in the coffee industry.Although Schultz allegi ance clearly lies with Cataracts, he could apply many of his leadership skills and abilities to another organization if needed. For example, if Howard Schultz was the CEO of Wall-Mart, he could use his knowledge and experience from Cataracts to lead Wall-Mart in a more positive direction by improving the quality of employees' jobs. Currently, several issues exist that may hold the company back from reaching its full potential. Hidden beneath operational problems, diminished sales, and low customer service ratings, employees are complaining about low salaries, erratic scheduling, and understanding (Heal, 2008).Currently, as many as 825,000 of Wall-Mart workers have an annual income of less than $25,000 (â€Å"Five Ways:' 2014). Wall-Mart is one of the most successful companies in the country and can certainly afford to raise these salaries so that hard working employees are able to support a family. Also, Wall-Mart employs a large annuity of employees in part-time positions, allowin g the company to skimp on costs, when most of these employees desire more hours (â€Å"Five Ways,† 2014). Workers are becoming frustrated with executives avoiding this crucial issue.Protests occurred at roughly 1,500 Wall-Mart stores on this past Black Friday alone. The protesters, a mix of workers and supporters, held signs calling for higher pay and better working conditions. To make matters worse, massive cuts of worker hours are taking a toll on consumer ratings of the company. A recent Consumer Reports Survey placed Wall-Mart at the bottom of the list of grocers. Shoppers mentioned the understanding, a clear cause of, â€Å"long lines and an overall poor customer service† (â€Å"Walter Ranks,† 2014).According to Geoffrey Heal (2008), accusations against Wall-Mart include â€Å"gender discrimination, low wages, excessive use of part-time labor, and harsh working conditions. † Based off these accusations, if Schultz were the CEO of Wall-Mart, its posit ion would be much different. Many of these weak areas are exactly where Cataracts has excelled over the past few decades. Schultz recon sized an approach that would build success for a Company with such a large number of employees. First, Cataracts pays its employees wages far above the service branch average and offers low-cost health benefit opportunities.Cataracts realized early on that properly training employees and acting generously towards them would lead to a very low employee turnover rate, which would reward the company in the future (Heal, 2008). Perhaps Wall-Mart's biggest challenge is that, unlike Cataracts, many of the employees are not proud to work there. Schultz prides Cataracts on being an employer that people trust. Workers share genuine hope for the company's future, and they want to be a part of it. Wall-Mart, on the other hand, is facing new lawsuits continuously -? and its own employees file a lot of them.Within the past year, the National Labor Relations Boar d filed a complaint against Wall-Mart for illegally firing and punishing about 60 workers who vocalizes a desire for change (â€Å"Five Ways,† 2014). In comparison, Howard Schultz has always treated his employees with respect and valued their individual opinions. Cataracts often holds open forums and encourages employees to speak their minds, even it they have negative comments. The combination of these criticisms along with praise in table areas has been important in contributing to shape the future of Cataracts and its culture.Schultz realized the value of personal connection when building Cataracts, and this is the major area that Wall-Mart needs improvement in. According to the case study, Schultz notes that remaining a humble and grounded entrepreneur is crucial. Schultz would bring this attitude to the executives at Wall-Mart, who currently do not cherish their employees as assets of the company. The case study reinforces Cataracts as a company that listens to and under stands each employee by noting the many has â€Å"implemented generous employee benefits, training programs, and employee stock ownership programs. For this reason, the transformation of Cataracts serves as a great model for the hypothetical situation of Schultz as CEO of Wall-Mart. Schultz would excel as the CEO of Wall-Mart, providing a fresh perspective to the executives and managers, and instilling values from the immense growth at Cataracts during his time there. No longer would bullying workers be acceptable, and â€Å"changing this culture of intimidation would go a long way to improving labor relations† (â€Å"Five Ways,† 2014). The basic change off higher minimum wage would reduce the number of protests and cause employees to feel a more prideful connection to the company.With Schultz as CEO, Wall-Mart executives would begin to recognize the importance of listening to employees across all levels and this simple act would go a long way to make the company a st ronger unit. Despite Howard Schultz eight-year hiatus in 2000, he has been one of Cataracts' greatest assets by building its fundamental ideals and values and staying involved to communicate his vision. For these reasons, Schultz is known around the world as one of the greatest leaders in the business world cause of his ethical values, passion, and communication skills.

Techniques of Poetry Appreciation

Techniques of Appreciating Poetry What is poetry? * Poetry is the creativity of a person's imagination. * It is nothing but rhythmical, imaginative language expressing the invention, taste, thought, passion, and insight of the human soul. * Like any other literary work, poetry needs to be understood to be appreciated. * The writer writes for a reason. * The purpose may be to evoke emotion, inform, define, represent something of the world or life, and to entertain. * Whatever the case, a poem is unique to its writer. And each poem can be analyzed to be appreciated.Here are some general ideas that may help one to acknowledge the beauty of the poem: Techniques of Poetry Appreciation: 1. Subject Matter * What is the poem about? * It talks about the general outline of the poetry. * It could be a person, an object, a place, an event, a situation or an experience. * What does the poet want you to focus on, in the poem or in each stanza? Answer: It is a dedication to the humble tomato, which is readily available to us at the grocery store or in our refridgerator. 2. Theme Once you have identified the subject of the poem, try and figure out what the poet wants to tell you.Look at the following: * the poet's message * his purpose * the ideas that he is conveying * the title; * What was the poet’s purpose or motive writing the poem? * What is the central idea of the poem? Always remember that feeling and tone work hand-in-hand with the subject & theme. Answer: * The theme of this poem is that you must learn to embrace the usual things in life that are often seen as dull, and find the beauty within them. * People must respect everything in life, no matter how insignificant it may seem * Pablo expresses his love towards tomatoes. The title of this poem is â€Å"Ode to Tomatoes† which is a dedication to the underappreciated but beautiful things throughout life. 3. Moods, Emotions and Experiences * What is the predominating mood of the poem? * Is it the poet fli ppant, sad, happy, dignified, angry, contemplative, or satirical? * Does the mood change? Answer: The poet changes the subject when speaking about different types of food: first tomatoes, then parsley, and oil. The poet changes the mood as he talks about different occasions: Summer feeling (mild, intense) Weddings (happy, bright) * What are some of the feelings expressed by the poet? What feelings does the poet arouse in you? * Does the poet succeed in conveying his emotions in you? Answer: * Man & Nature- This poem describes the relationship between man and a tomato. * Man v/s Man- This poem also describes societies view on mundane things. The tomatoes can be seen as representing people. It shows people’s different opinions and perspectives of others. 4. Language * Are the poet’s words appropriate and valid? * What emotions are built up around certain words? The words that are used and the way they are placed can enhance the power of the poet's creativity. Answer: Red viscera† = Guts (Violent). â€Å"Fiery colour† = Vibrant, passionate. â€Å"Bubble vigorously† = Aggressive, Enthusiasm. â€Å"Hemispheres† = Makes a tomato seem large and monumental. 5. Imagery There are various ways to paint a picture in the reader's mind through the use of words. * What are the symbolic or figurative devices used in the poem? * What effect is produced by the use of various figures of speech—metaphors, similes, personification? * Are the images visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile, olfactory or gustatory. Answer: â€Å"Summer light is halved like a tomato† = Day parted in half, it is noon. Summer- light is halved like a tomato† is a simile comparing the time of day to a tomatoes half, meaning that it is noon. â€Å"Tomato invades the kitchen† = Tomatoes are everywhere. â€Å"Tomato invades kitchen† is a personification. A tomato cannot physically invade and seize a kitchen; it is meant to show just ho w abundant the tomatoes are throughout the kitchen. â€Å"It sheds its own light† = Tomatoes radiate with beauty. â€Å"It sheds its own light, benign majesty† is a metaphor comparing the beauty the writer sees in the tomato to a wonderful light.He is saying that the tomatoes is brilliant and gorgeous; it stands out when he looks at it. â€Å"We must murder it† = Exaggerating the slicing of tomatoes. â€Å"We must murder it† is a hyperbole, exaggerating how we cut up the tomato. â€Å"It is wed to the clear onion† = It complements the taste of onions nicely. â€Å"It is wed to the clear onion† is a personification that shows how well the taste of tomatoes and onions complement each other. Pausing and punctuation have an effect on the structure, rhythm and rhyme of a poem. 6. Sounds * What about the sounds in the poem? Are the sounds in harmony with the thought and imagery? * Do the sounds suggest pictures, arouse emotions or bring out qualit y of the character? * What is the effect produced by the poet’s use of: alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia and metre? * Are the musical qualities of the poem outstanding? * Is rhyme used for emphasis? 7. Rhyme * Does the poem have a set rhyme scheme? * How it is used in the poem? Is the movement slow, steady, or fast? OR Is the rhyme constant or varying? * Does the poet emphasize words or the message by means of the rhyme scheme? What is the purpose and effect of the rhyme scheme? 8. Form/ Structure * How is the poem structured? * How are the stanzas organised? * Is the structure itself convention? The form of the poem is very important. You should know what kind of poem you are dealing with: e. g. ballad, epic, ode, sonnet, dramatic monologue, elegy, etc. Answer: It is an Ode Its written to show reverence to the most ordinary things in life – claiming to have an extraordinary worth or value. Merits| Demerits| 1. Enriches learning of poetry| 1. Time consuming| 2. Ad d value to the text| | 3.Inculcates scientific temper and a spirit of inquiry. | | 4. Allows critical evaluation| | ‘Ode to Tomatoes’ by Pablo Neruda The street filled with tomatoes midday, summer, light is halved like a tomato, its juice runs through the streets. In December, unabated, the tomato invades the kitchen, it enters at lunchtime, takes its ease on countertops, among glasses, butter dishes, blue salt cellars. It sheds its own light, benign majesty. Unfortunately, we must murder it: the knife sinks into living flesh, red-viscera, a cool sun, profound, inexhaustible, populates the salads of Chile, happily, t is wed to the clear onion, and to celebrate the union we pour oil, essential child of the olive, onto its halved hemispheres, pepper adds its fragrance, salt, its magnetism; it is the wedding of the day, parsley hoists its flag, potatoes bubble vigorously, the aroma of the roast knocks at the door, it's time! come on! and, on the table, at the midpoint of s ummer, the tomato, star of earth, recurrent and fertile star, displays its convolutions, its canals, its remarkable amplitude and abundance, no pit, no husk, no leaves or thorns, the tomato offers its gift of fiery color and cool completeness.

Attachment Word Count 1466

Secondly I will explain how attachment informs in social work. ‘Among the most significant developments of psychiatry during the past quarter of a century has been the steady growth of evidence that the quality of parental care which a child receives in his earliest years is of vital importance to his future mental health’ (Bowlby. J. p11. 953) Attachment is an emotional relationship that involves comfort care and contentment. The roots of attachment were thought to be from Freuds theory’s about love, however John Bowlby is accredited with being the fore father of attachment theory. Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have a major influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. Kennhell and Klaus said that sometime attachment is confused with the natural bonding process that takes place between mother and child, and we should be careful not to mix these too up. Bowlby believed that attachment begins in infancy and carries on throughout life, resulting in several behavioural systems that are required for survival and reproduction. Bowlby suggested that there are four central characteristics of attachment; these are proximity maintenance, this is when the child strives to stay close to the care giver enabling the child to stay safe. Safe haven, this is when the child feel scared or afraid turning to the caregiver for support and comfort. Secure base, this is when the caregiver gives the child a protected place to discover the world from. Separation distress this is when the child get upset or distressed when it is absent from the caregiver. Bowlby suggested that attachment was an element of selected relationships throughout the lifespan, even though most of his research focused on infancy. Mary Ainsworth created a method called the strange situation. The method that Ainsworth had created was to examine that bond between the care giver and the child. The method is to examine the child playing for approximately twenty minutes while the care giver and the person who is unknown to the child enters and exit the room. This method creates a familiar and unfamiliar situation for the child. For some children this type of situation can be very stressful. The case of ‘Genie’ was an extreme example of a child that had no attachment or social contact resulting in her being a feral child. She was unable to talk dress herself or toilet herself, when support was implemented within a few days progress was seen to be made, showing that even though no attachment had been made the child was still able to learn new behaviours. A striking example of adult attachment to a parent is the comment made by a 40 year old lady who had lost her mother; I never realised, until she was gone, how much my own sense of confidence depended on knowing that if I ran into trouble I could always turn to her for help and advice. Goldberg 2000 p10)in my own experience of working with adult services, I gained an understanding of how separation could have affected an elderly couple’s health. After 60 years of marriage social services where call in to assess their situation as they where no longer able to cope due to the fact the wife had senile dementia. Initially the was talk of them being home together however a standard care home would not have met the need of the wife, a nursing home was needed for her. This was seen as being detrimental to both their health due to separation. Therefore, it was seen to be better to provide them with support in their own home. In conclusion children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships. References Bowlby, J. (1953) Childcare and the growth of maternal love. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Feeney,J. Noller,P. (1996) Adult Attachment. London: sage publications. Goldberg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development. London: Arnold publishers. Howe,D. (1995) Attachment theory for social work practice. London: Macmillan press. Smith, Cowie, Blades. online. ‘The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Understanding Children’s Development’. York College: Homepage, (http://www. ycc. ac. uk/yc/new/HUMSOC/psycho/unit1/adultatt. htm), (5 December 2008) Attachment Word Count 1466 Secondly I will explain how attachment informs in social work. ‘Among the most significant developments of psychiatry during the past quarter of a century has been the steady growth of evidence that the quality of parental care which a child receives in his earliest years is of vital importance to his future mental health’ (Bowlby. J. p11. 953) Attachment is an emotional relationship that involves comfort care and contentment. The roots of attachment were thought to be from Freuds theory’s about love, however John Bowlby is accredited with being the fore father of attachment theory. Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have a major influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. Kennhell and Klaus said that sometime attachment is confused with the natural bonding process that takes place between mother and child, and we should be careful not to mix these too up. Bowlby believed that attachment begins in infancy and carries on throughout life, resulting in several behavioural systems that are required for survival and reproduction. Bowlby suggested that there are four central characteristics of attachment; these are proximity maintenance, this is when the child strives to stay close to the care giver enabling the child to stay safe. Safe haven, this is when the child feel scared or afraid turning to the caregiver for support and comfort. Secure base, this is when the caregiver gives the child a protected place to discover the world from. Separation distress this is when the child get upset or distressed when it is absent from the caregiver. Bowlby suggested that attachment was an element of selected relationships throughout the lifespan, even though most of his research focused on infancy. Mary Ainsworth created a method called the strange situation. The method that Ainsworth had created was to examine that bond between the care giver and the child. The method is to examine the child playing for approximately twenty minutes while the care giver and the person who is unknown to the child enters and exit the room. This method creates a familiar and unfamiliar situation for the child. For some children this type of situation can be very stressful. The case of ‘Genie’ was an extreme example of a child that had no attachment or social contact resulting in her being a feral child. She was unable to talk dress herself or toilet herself, when support was implemented within a few days progress was seen to be made, showing that even though no attachment had been made the child was still able to learn new behaviours. A striking example of adult attachment to a parent is the comment made by a 40 year old lady who had lost her mother; I never realised, until she was gone, how much my own sense of confidence depended on knowing that if I ran into trouble I could always turn to her for help and advice. Goldberg 2000 p10)in my own experience of working with adult services, I gained an understanding of how separation could have affected an elderly couple’s health. After 60 years of marriage social services where call in to assess their situation as they where no longer able to cope due to the fact the wife had senile dementia. Initially the was talk of them being home together however a standard care home would not have met the need of the wife, a nursing home was needed for her. This was seen as being detrimental to both their health due to separation. Therefore, it was seen to be better to provide them with support in their own home. In conclusion children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships. References Bowlby, J. (1953) Childcare and the growth of maternal love. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Feeney,J. Noller,P. (1996) Adult Attachment. London: sage publications. Goldberg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development. London: Arnold publishers. Howe,D. (1995) Attachment theory for social work practice. London: Macmillan press. Smith, Cowie, Blades. online. ‘The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Understanding Children’s Development’. York College: Homepage, (http://www. ycc. ac. uk/yc/new/HUMSOC/psycho/unit1/adultatt. htm), (5 December 2008)

How will China look to sustain economic growth in the future Essay

How will China look to sustain economic growth in the future - Essay Example (Hu and Khan, 1997: Harder, 2010, p.1) The nation has been able to sustain the growth inspite of minor fluctuations. The economy had been experiencing a 6 percent annual growth before it underwent an economic reform in 1978, which changed to 9 percent post reform. It witnessed a above 13 percent per capita growth in its peak years- a nearly quadrupled figure. The country experienced a growth in its capital accumulation in the form of ‘stocks of capital assets’ and the setting up of new factories, developing machinery, and logistics systems which was an important factor in the growth of the economy. The growth in the number of Chinese workers also resulted in a sharp and sustained increase in the productivity, which was also a major factor for the economic growth of the country. The key driving force of the growth has mainly been the unremitting expansion in the production of the economy, which accounted for more than 42 per cent during the period 1979-94. This also broke the traditional myth that an economy can only grow with the growth in its capital accumulation. ... It has been argued that productivity driven growth are more sustainable and the ‘market oriented reform’ taken up by the country had resulted in creating the ‘productivity boom’. The reform brought in the introduction of ‘profit incentives to rural collective enterprises, family farms, small private business and foreign investors and traders’, which stimulated the efficiency of the economy. Many enterprises were also exempted from the state authority intervention, which resulted in an increase in the share of the collective enterprises from 42 percent to 50 percent and the share of the private business and joint ventures from 2 percent to 10 percent, while the output of the state owned enterprises declined from 56 percent to 40 percent. The profit motive of the producers increased the investment in their business in order to improve its performance. Reforms in the economic policy had also extended property rights in the countryside as the rural people started of non-agricultural business. The post reform period was marked with more competent use of labor and more fruitful farms as a result of de-collectivization and high priced farming products. This resulted in fast growth of village enterprises driving many people into ‘higher value added manufacturing sector’ from the ‘traditional agricultural sector’. The reform granted the enterprise managers with greater freedom as they were free to place their own production goals, sell the products in the private market with competitive prices, and give bonus to the employee who works better and fire the one whose performance is not good. The reform also entitled them to retain some of the firm’s earnings for further

Fashion and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fashion and Gender - Essay Example The essay "Fashion and Gender" examines how the concept of fashion is connected with the idea of gender. The analysis of the issue will be performed from three different perspectives.To begin with, it may be particularly suitable to explain the exceptional role of gender when it comes to examining the role of fashion on the social environment. Thus, it is thought that â€Å"becoming visibly gender involves engagement with complicated, shifting coding system of colours, fabrics, trims, forms, shapes, and patterns and other body fashionings†. This means that fashion might be seen as a platform which allows people to adopt particular roles that are conditioned by their gender and finish their socialization. In other words, the concept in question implies that there is strict division between the genders. The importance of behaviour. Another point that should be mentioned with regard of the way fashion shapes identity of a person is the way people behave while wearing clothes. For example, when a man is dressed in a suit he is likely to be more polite and less aggressive since this kind of clothes is associated with formal events that require people to be on their best behaviour. On the other hand, if a person did not dress formally enough to a special occasion, this might be perceived as extremely rude. Nevertheless, in daily life people wear relatively similar clothes so there is another factor that truly makes difference in this case. The researchers argue that â€Å"it’s not about circumstances so much.

Ryan Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7750 words

Ryan Consulting - Essay Example Ryan Consulting target clients include architectural firms, quantity surveyors, engineering contractors, non-domestic building owners, and individual customers. Target markets span a variety of sectors including education, healthcare, commercial, industrial, retail, and residential. Contracts and business opportunities are therefore sought from organizations that fall under these domains. Contracts are served on an independent basis or through strategic alliances (such as in the case of Kerrigan Sheanon Newman, Charted Quantity Surveyors (letters of intent provided) as well as other engineering groups. These arrangements provide flexibility to the business in successfully securing and completing projects with varying requirement and constraints. By using extensive contacts and joint ventures with other consulting firms, Ryan Consulting is in a position to attract more business and expand into additional markets. Ryan Consulting has the primary advantage of the extensive knowledge of the local market. Despite the existence of good opportunities and a potential for long-term growth, the building services, and energy conservation market continues to face shortfalls in the Midlands region. There are over 32 engineering consultancies registered with the Association of Consulting Engineers Ireland (ACEI) that specialize in mechanical and electrical building services. Only five among them have operations in the outskirts of Dublin and Cork and are based in Galway (2), Limerick (2) and Mayo (1). However, none have an office in the Midland region.

Police ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Police ethics - Essay Example The enormous powers enjoyed by these detectives must be tamed through some strict checks on their ethical conduct in exercising these powers at right spot and the correct manner. While having such powers in most cases is a legal necessity but justified and dignified application of these powers is often an ethical issue. In United States there are several documents at national level like Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, its Bill of Rights and the Federalist Papers which are meant to enforce these ethical guidelines. However there is a lack of education and implementation in this connection. The tools and trick that are used in an investigation also provides a ground for ethical arguments and concerns. For example the use of sex and friendship in undercover investigations are very common tools for the police detectives but their ethical issues are lease bothered at higher level in the department. However, police ethical misconduct in using these undercover investigat ion tools is highly probable.

The Eighteenth-Century Piano Sonata In MLA Format Essay

The Eighteenth-Century Piano Sonata In MLA Format - Essay Example Looking at the list of musical directions today one may wonder why the subject of those listening to classical music is not brought up. The reason is that, as sad as it is, less and less people today are familiar with classical music and an even smaller number of people can distinguish between composers of the classical era. The eras I am going to deal with are the Baroque and Classical eras. In history, the period from 1600 to 1750 is known as the Baroque era. Dance, music, architecture, art - everything in the Baroque era was on a grand scale. It was a magnificent era that brought about smart, dignified, talented people and bright creations. What is remarkable is that during the Baroque era people's interest was drawn to instrumental music more than ever (Encyclopedia Britannica). The instruments that were mostly popular in this time period were the keyboard instruments counting the clavichord, harpsichord, piano, and organ (Brainrad). These clavichord instruments sweeped away the renaissance popularity of softer viol string instruments. The soft violin was replaced by the more rough, more aggressive and expressive violin, viola, and cello. These instruments were not only in use of composers. At the beginning of the eighteenth century when music played an everyday part in most people's lives, most of the citizens were capable of playing (Classical Music Pages). We must remember that during the Baroque period the foundations of music for the next centuries were given. Moreover, the idea of the modern orchestra and opera was born. Also, in the Baroque period composers came to be the servants of nobility and clergymen. According to Brairad, as music was very popular at that time it was used "to show off", thus the music grew "showy and complicated". While music during the epoch of Baroque can be described as bright, chaotic, unexpected, and frivolous, the music of the Classical era was very different. In my paper I am touching upon both Classical and Baroque era s because the composers I am going to talk about later composed at the turn of these two centuries, representing both eras equally. The Classical period started late in the eighteenth century and it focused on the opposite types of sounds that Baroque musicians paid strong attention to ((History of Classical Music). Classical music was arranged, organized, well-planned and accurate.  

UNICEF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNICEF - Essay Example focuses its programs on: Child Survival and Development; Basic Education and Gender Equality; HIV/ AIDS and Children; Child Protection; and, Policy Advocacy and Partnerships. With the cooperation of its world wide partners and members, including governments and non-government agencies, it is able to implement its programs for children all over the world. This being so, it has 191 country based offices and innumerable chapters. Chapters or groups can be organized with the purpose of furthering the UNICEF goals and primarily act as fund raisers. Generally, there are no requirements for membership. In fact, one can just sign in at the UNICEF Website (www.unicef.org) and become a member. But some chapters require additional requirements to ensure that its members understand the goals of the organization. The University of Pennsylvania for one requires a person to attend five meetings before he is allowed to join their UNICEF Chapter. The University of Houston allows immediate membership provided that one pays the $10.00 annual fee forming part of their fund to be turned over to the UNICEF. Donations for the continued support of UNICEF Programs can be directly sent to any UNICEF Office. Membership is important. It allows you to give donations to help fund UNICEF programs. It also helps in showing support to UNICEF and its programs. Your show of support and being counted as a member gives power to UNICEF and for what it stands for. As a member one can avail of the overflowing gratitude and smiles of children that have benefitted and continue to benefit from UNICEF Programs which you can view at the UNICEF Website. These are far more valuable than money. It brings so much happiness and joy to each member. For me it truly out-weights gold. UNICEF has been engaged in so many successful projects. Out of these so many projects, one that I really appreciate and give support to is the â€Å"Unite for Children, Unite for Aids† program. This program initiated

Communication In Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication In Business - Essay Example The citizenship mission meets the community needs and makes the company more responsible towards the society. The company advocates the important role of good corporate citizenship, which helps people and businesses to realize their full potential. The Microsoft company reports highlight that, and the reports take into account the interests of all the stakeholders such as governments, employees, customers, shareholders, partners and communities. In fact, the prestigious Dow Jones Sustainability Indices and the FTSE4 Good Index also admitted that Microsoft is the leader of corporate citizenship. Steven A. Ballmer, CEO, Microsoft Corp, explained that the company has many social activities. For instance, Microsoft YouthSpark empowers young generation through education and technology. Its ‘Technology for Good’ initiative donates software to non-profit organizations and it extends its impact through knowledge sharing. The sensitive approach gets reflected in its ‘Humanitarian Response’ chapter. The company’s ‘Accessibility’ chapter deals with creating opportunities for disabled people and wellness for senior people. According to the UN report, nearly 15 per cent of the global populations are disabled. The term disability is basically an umbrella concept that includes physical, mental, cognitive or emotional impairment, or it can be combination all these challenges. A disability can be inborn or can be developed afterwards. The UN fact sheet also estimated that there are 1 billion people who live with some sort of disability. They are the largest minority globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that this figure increases with growth of population, aging process and medical advancement and Microsoft tries to combat the huge challenge with the help of technology. It believes that technology can empower people. Microsoft introduced accessibility features into its, software, and hardware

Arlene Goldbard, “Making the World Safe for Hollywood” Essay Example for Free

Arlene Goldbard, â€Å"Making the World Safe for Hollywood† Essay The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has been in existence since 1945. Primarily founded to safeguard education even in poor countries, the organization now also looks after scientific and cultural areas as well. Recently, however, the United States refused to vote for the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions. The Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, Dana Gioia, had a few words to say about this. Personally though, Arlene Goldbard’s reaction, aptly entitled â€Å"Making the World Safe for Hollywood† is more personally compelling. It is true that Gioia presented a number of facts and details, which manifests how much the country tries to respect its existing culture; yet it sounded quite snobbish to disregard the better benefits signing the convention would bring to the country. His statement somehow addresses only the elite, or those who are directly involved in culture and the arts. Arlene Goldbard’s reaction, however, was more directed to the masses, or in other words, more people who would benefit if the United States signed the convention in the first place. It is written in a manner that is both light yet accurate, precisely looking into the matter yet in a subtler, easier-to-understand manner. This style makes it easier to read through the entire article despite the less than lively topic it has. It also tackles the issue without being too condescending and patronizing. It also presented a few of the Convention’s statement of objectives, which would benefit a large number of people and the culture in general of only the United States signed the pact in the first place. Lastly, the analogies Arlene Goldbard used, specifically that of the oyster injected the right and appropriate amount of humor that would make readers think and laugh at the same time.

Adolescent Sexuality and Risk Factors Essay Example for Free

Adolescent Sexuality and Risk Factors Essay Adolescence is that period between childhood and adulthood, when the adolescent is discovering his or her own identity and dealing with the transition. It is also a time of becoming more aware of sexuality and establishing patterns for future relationships. Those identifying as nonheterosexual i.e. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual or Transgender (LGBT), face even more challenges than their heterosexual counterparts. One challenge is their health. Russell and Consolacion (2003) conducted a study on the topic of romance and emotional health of adolescents. The authors concluded that youth who had same-sex attractions and who were not in relationships showed increased measures of anxiety and depression. They also had more suicidal ideation than heterosexual youth. The dangers of smoking are well researched and documented. Easton, Jackson, Mowery, Comeau and Sell (2008) in their study concluded that same-sex and bisexual youth are at greater risk for tobacco use. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) notes that increased stress level, mental health and other physical health problems are common among LGBT youth (CDC, 2011). Ray (2006) in a study of homelessness among LGBT youth notes that they face a number of problems in additional to being homeless. They are at increased risk of mental health issues, high risk sexual behaviour to support themselves, substance abuse and victimisation. Education is important and LGBT adolescents face challenges in this area. Many of them are likely to be runaways so their education suffers as they are absent from school for long periods. Himmelstein Brà ¼ckner (2011) noted that these young people were also at risk for being more severely punished at school and in the justice system. They are also victims of violence and discrimination at school, often being bullied, teased and harassed (â€Å"LGBT bullying† n.d.). Counsellors working with adolescents who are LBGT must be sensitive to the feelings of uncertainty, rejection and fear that these young people are experiencing.

Fly by Light in Aircraft Systems Analysis

Fly by Light in Aircraft Systems Analysis Fibre optic cables are widely used in telecommunication and network. It is known for its properties which is lighter than standard copper wire, able to carry multiple signals in single cable, no electrical current involved in the cable, cheaper than copper cable because it is made from silica (glass), and does not List of abbreviations FBW- Fly-by-Wire FBL- Fly-by-Light 1.1 OVERVIEW At the early stage of aviation, aircraft utilized cables and pulleys for controls also known as mechanical linkage. This cables and pulleys act as pull and push system to move the flight controls surfaces at the expense of the pilots effort. By using the cables and pulleys, every forces act on the flight control surfaces are being transmitted to the cockpit control and felt directly by the pilots which they have to counter these forces using their own strength without any assistance. Early aircraft were lightweight and the aircraft can only fly at a slower speed thus aerodynamic force is not strong making it possible to manoeuvres the aircraft. With new emerging technology and war at that time, air superiority has become an advantage. Aircraft needs to fly faster, carry more payload and strong. This is when hydraulic systems plays an important role in aircraft control system. By using hydraulic systems, aircraft can fly faster due to the pilot does not have to put extra effort to move the control surfaces with increasing aerodynamic forces. Hydro-mechanical control system is a system which mechanical linkages are connected to the hydraulic system. This system utilized cables, pulleys, and gears at the cockpit control and hydraulic system consist of pipes, reservoir, valves and pumps at the control surfaces. With hydro-mechanical system, the aerodynamic forces acting on the control surfaces are not felt by the pilots making it easy to controls. Stick shaker and artificial feedback are the methods to replicate the aerodynamic forces acting on the control surfaces to the cockpit control. It was to ensure that the pilot does no t manoeuvre the aircraft beyond its limitation. Although the hydro-mechanical system gives a plenty advantages to the pilot, it was deemed as heavy, hard to maintain and not practical for larger aircraft as the cables would have to run over a long distance of aircraft fuselage. Commercial aircraft nowadays are bigger, faster and fly higher than before. Hydro-mechanical control system might not able to accommodate the complicated and sensitive controls made for passengers comfort. Nowadays, majority commercial airliners use Fly-by-Wire system. FBW system replaces the cables, pulleys and gears with copper wires which carries electrical signals from the cockpit control to the control surfaces. FBW eliminate the needs to maintain the cables, pulleys or the gears thus reducing weight of the aircraft. FBW is very efficient due to it being electronically control by computers which manage the autopilot system and aircraft system. Although FBW is considered as the best option available today, it is still needs to be upgrade. Copper wire can only carry one signal for each wire which means for a single system that might needs four signals, it needs four copper wires. Due to this nature, typical aircraft with FBW will have a bundles of copper wires and for maintenance side, working with bundles of wires takes time and lot of manpower. FBW system is still considered to be heavy due to the amount of copper cables involved and caging due to susceptible to electromagnetic frequency. Fly-by-Light is a technology that might be the answer for future aircraft development. FBL technology is not a new thing but the research is slowly progress as it still being tested and research since the 90s. Although FBL might not be implemented in near future but the concept have been use in todays inflight entertainment system which utilized fibre optic cable to cater all passengers preference. 1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THIS STUDY In the world of aviation, safety comes first, revenue comes second and followed by everything else. The information gather in this study might prove that FBL has potential for future aircraft development. Aircraft manufacturers and aviation operators such as airline companies and private sectors always be look into more reliable aircraft, weight-fuel saving and easy to maintain. This study will prove whether it is possible or not to replace the old fly-by-wire system with new fly-by-light system and offer more advantages. 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES The aim for this study is to investigate whether fly-by-light is the future for aircraft system and how it will affect the traditional maintenance practice. In order to complete this study and to achieve the aim as stated, few objectives must be completed such as: To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using fibre optic cables over standard copper wire on commercial aircraft and military aircraft. To discuss the development and potential of fly-by-light on aircraft system. To show the complication of using fly-by-light system on commercial and military aircraft. To find out whether it will be more cost effective for aircraft manufacturers to manufacture new aircraft system in future aircraft development. To find out the cost and its effect on traditional maintenance practice. 1.4 HYPOTHESIS Technology advancement always research for a new alternative to make aircraft lighter, lower cost and increase reliability. Fly-by-wire system manage to make modern airliners bigger, fly higher, more reliable, save cost and increase in revenue. If fly-by-light system is going to replace the FBW system in the future, commercial and military aircraft will see a lot of improvement in terms of fuel saving due to weight reduction, faster response rate and more simple system installed that is easy to manufacture and maintain. Fly-by-light may not be the system in near future due to the nature of fibre optic technology that is not suffice to withstand aircraft environment but with improvement and further research into fibre optic technology, Fly-by-light soon will replace the fly-by-wire system. 1.5 LIMITATION The main purpose of this study is to do a research whether fly-by-light system might replace the fly-by-wire system in the future. It does not discuss about implementation or direct costing which may involve specific value because this system is yet still under research and development. Any costing stated in this study is mainly an estimation based on current market value. 2.1 Overview Todays aircraft have shown a significant improvement in flight control system. Boeing 787 and Airbus 380 have successfully flown on a fully fly-by-wire system independently. Having the flight control system runs solely on electrical power, the respective aircraft have managed to change every aspects that are common to previous aircraft. Boeing 787 and Airbus 380 are using no-bleed engine as the flight control system now run on electricity, the actuators hydraulics are being pumped by electrical pump and air-conditioning are also run on electrical power. This technological advancement have yet to have its downside which is the aircraft require a lot of shielding in order to protect the electrical system from electromagnetic interference or EMI. The shielding to keep the EMI at minimum have its own disadvantage because shielding is heavy and it makes it hard to access during maintenance.ÂÂ   It might be a success for fly-by-wire system in Boeing 787 and Airbus 380 but by understan ding of what FBL can offer for further aircraft development is very promising. 2.2 FLY-BY-LIGHT AS NEW EMERGING TECHNOLOGY FOR AIRCRAFT SYSTEM 2.2.1 Advantages of using fibre optic cables over copper cables Fibre optic cable is made up of bundle of glass strands coated in insulated cover. Fibre optic cables nowadays widely used for networking and communication as it offers many advantages over copper cables. According to Collins (2015) here is the advantages of using fibre optic cables: BANDWIDTH Fibre optic offers high bandwidth compared to copper wire. High bandwidth means that fibre optic cables are capable of carrying multiple signal over one cable instead of one signal over one wire with copper wire. Aircraft system sends multiple signals for one flight control and using conventional copper wire in FBW system, it needs a bundle of wires just for one flight control. Using fibre optic cable to replace copper wire will reduce significantly the amount of copper wire thus reducing the weight of the aircraft. HIGH SPEED By understanding the concept of fibre optic cable, it has a faster signal transfer rate compare to copper wire. Fibre optic cable carries light signal in which the speed of light travels much faster than electrical current in copper wire. DISTANCE Fibre optic cable capable of carrying signal on longer distance without degrading the quality of the signal as the light have less susceptibility to signal lost during transmission. It does not require any step up or step down voltage like copper wire does. SECURITY Copper wire are easily tap into and less secure compared to fibre optic cable. Electrical signal in a copper wire are also easy to be change by intercepting the signal and can be done by non-professional. Whereas fibre optic cable are made from glass strands which makes it incredibly difficult to intercept the signal without breaking the cable. Even with professionals, the cable are very challenging to intercept midway and if it were done at the source, it is still very tough to change the signal without the proper equipment. RELIABILITY Copper wire and fibre optic cable both susceptibility to worn out over time but instead of posing a fire hazard like copper wire does, fibre optics does not pose any risk of fire hazard as it only carries light signals. Temperature, moisture and severe weather condition could cause copper wire having signal loss or even complete loss of connectivity but it does not happen with fibre optic cable. In terms of studier, fibre optic cable can withstand around 100-200 lbs. of pressure without damaging the cable while copper wire typically are delicate and enough to withstand only at about 25 lbs. of pressure before damaging the wire. CABLE SIZE Higher amount of connections require more copper wire to be able to process all the signals at a higher speed as copper wire performance in signal transferring is directly connected with the cable size. Fibre optic cable size does not determine by the size of the cable and by that, it can be used for multiple signals transfer without affecting the speed or the quality of the signal. Fibre optic cable are much simpler to use and relatively lighter than copper wire. COST Although fibre optic cable today are still considered as more expensive than copper wire in a short term but with it being lighter, more reliable, and much better performance than copper wire makes it a valuable investment for a long run. Fibre optic cable are also easy to maintain which in turn less cost needed. IMMUNE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) Copper wire carries electrical signal which runs through in bundles of wire in close proximity. When electrical signal flow through a wire, it creates an electromagnetic field. Electrical signal are easily affected by electromagnetic field which then deteriorate the signals. Not only had it affected by its own electromagnetic field, it is also affected by electromagnetic frequency given out by other electronic devices such as a hand phone, microwave, or even lightning strike. Using light signals by fibre optic cable, it does not create any electromagnetic field or affected by other electromagnetic frequency. Being immune to EMI, fibre optic cable does not require shielding as copper wire does. No shielding means an extra weight loss using fibre optic cable rather than copper wire. 2.2.2 INSTALLATION OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE ON AIRCRAFT According to Garg, Linda and Chowdhury (2014), FBL system will follows the same concept as the FBW system except for FBL, the sensors will be replaced with optical rather than standard electrical or electronic as on FBW system. All the cables routing will be no different than copper wire in FBW but with added advantage of using less amount of fibre optic cable because it is capable of transmitting more than one signal per cable making it lightweight and its immune to EMI needs no shielding thus reducing weight even further. In order to change all the sensors and actuators into optical, Photonic Controlled Actuation System or PCAS is introduced. This actuator system is a modified version of standard Electro Mechanical Actuator or EMA but with added optical controller that commands EMA. The signal that being sent to EMA is the same signal sent by the flight control computer. In order for the EMA to received and react to the signal, the engineers have modified the EMA to make sure the signal sent via light from the optical controller is readable. As the PCAS will utilized light signal to react, all other sensors such as the actuator position, motor position and current are replaced by optical sensors. Figure 1: Fly-by-Wire standard wire routing in aircraft (ICCCI, 2014) Figure 2: FBL utilized the same cable routing as the FBW but with reduced cable amount (ICCCI, 2014) 2.2.2 FLASH PROGRAM FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Based on John R Todd (1996), during the mid-1994, McDonnell Douglas team start working for two years project called the Fly-by-Light Advanced System Hardware Program or also known as FLASH Program. FLASH program was initiated to develop a reliable and cost effective FBL system and hardware for aircraft in military and commercial. This FLASH program aims to be able to demonstrate the FBL system use on aircraft specifically. In summer 1996, the team was able to put on two demonstration of aircraft using FBL system. Ground demonstration with the FBL system on a partial flight control system and during flight demonstration, aileron trim control system was replaced with FBL system. The FBL system that was installed on the test aircraft was built on open architecture platform which have its own advantage. 2.2.2.1 OPEN ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT In the computer industry according to Computerhope.com (2017) the definition of open architecture is an open platform and was built on common platform so that any hardware and software can be use, reconfigure or modified to fit the platform such as the IBM computer. In aviation, Flexible Vehicle Management System or flexible VMS is the same as open architecture used in computer industry. Flexible VMS means that the aircraft system will be built on base platform using common hardware and software which can be expanded, outsourced and reconfigured to fit any aircraft system platform be it in commercial or military configuration. The benefit of having open architecture in flexible VMS will encourage more development on a system and more integration of new role with potential growth. Other benefit from using an open platform in flexible VMS is it will reduce cost significantly as the platform will use a very identical and same modular blocks so there is no need for further research for n ew platform every time new idea and innovation present itself. Future aircraft system such as the FBL system can be built on open architecture which not only save cost for development but also time. By using open architecture concept on flexible VMS, the McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Control and Avionics System or ACAS has managed to expand and contracted a single platform to fit new FBL system according to the need of transport aircraft with various size and shape. Using the flexible VMS for ACAS has managed to maximize the commonness and the ability to share hardware on any platform regardless of the commercial aircraft or the military aircraft while keeping the development cost down and save time. The ACAS architecture is also part of the FLASH program to develop and built sustainable and reliable FBL system in future aircraft system. 2.2.2.2 MAJOR ASPECTS IN FLASH PROGRAM As stated by John R. Todd (1996), FLASH program consist of two major aspects that is needed to achieve. The first major aspects of FLASH program responsibility is to develop integrated fibre optic cable plants and every components needed to make it work. The first development focuses on producing reliable cable plants and its components and also to figure out the installations procedure as well as the maintainability of the new system components. The cables and components must be able to withstand aircraft environment to fit the purpose. This aspect of development has been assigned as TASK 1A. Major associate with MDA-TA for TASK 1A in the FLASH program was Berg Electronics. TASK 2A is the advancement from TASK 1A development where the cable plants and components that were developed and produced in TASK 1A were used to demonstrate FBL system on flexible VMS. Honeywell as the major team mate along with HR Textron, GEC-Marconi and Allied Signal were involved in the development of TASK 2A as the effort of develop and implement the new FBL system on aircraft. The team have managed to produce and develop the main flight control fibre optic data bus system, Fly-by-Light primary flight control computers (PFCs), a representative remote terminal/ distribution unit (RDU) which is a smart actuator with low cost fibre optic data links to the RDU and lastly, a flight test done on the FBL aileron trim system. Figure: TASK 1A and TASK 2A in FLASH Program FLASH Task 1A successfully developed high density fiber optic ribbon cable and connectors that passed the aircraft environment test and deemed as flightworthy. This ribbon cables and connectors will be the backbone of the FBL system for aircraft control system. Single-fiber fanout assembly, conduit systems including clamps, splitters and connector backshells were also developed by Task 1A for FLASH program. MDA Advanced System Technology also responsible in developing a safe and reliable installation procedure as well as maintenance procedure that are cost effective for both manufacturer and clients. Increased reliability and maintainability also ensure a reduction cost in installation and maintenance labour. AVMAC was the high density fiber optic connector being developed by Task 1A under the FLASH program that was meant to be the termination of fiber optic ribbon cable. The ribbon cable is basically constructed using 18 fibers arranged into linear arrangement into one ribbon.ÂÂ   The advantage of having the fiber optic ribbon cable for FBL system is that the ribbon cable can provide several optical fiber in one small integrated package apart from bundles of copper wires as in FBW system. Although the fiber optic ribbon cable consist of 18 optical fibers, the physical aspect and appearances of the ribbon cable is not far from a single channel fiber optic cable. The ribbon cables are also has been classified as flight qualified by MDA AST which met all the aircraft environment specifications, mechanical requirements and optical requirements set forth by MDC specifications. The ribbon cable is not develop only for 18 optical fibers installation but it can be reduce or increase accord ing to the requirement but Task 1A team considered 18 optical fibers is the best option and suitable for FBL system on aircraft. Identical to fiber optic ribbon cable assembly is the optical fan-out assembly. The difference between these two cable is one of them carries all 18 optical fibers in one protective casing and the other one converts the package into 18 individual fiber optic channel. Fan-out assembly designs and material use is the same as the ribbon cable assembly but fan-out assembly use to separate 18 optical fibers into single channel so that each single optical fiber channel can be routed to several locations on aircraft. During FLASH task 1A, the team encountered many challenges to ensure the reliability of the installation and maintenance for fiber optic cable. One of the option they selected was using a tube to house the fiber optic cable. This tube is a conduit that is made up of clear plastic tubing. The conduit is the best option to safe guard the fiber optic cable since it is also lightweight and with the added benefit of it being easy to replace, remove or add fiber optic cable with ease. Maintenance wise, this clear plastic conduit is relatively transparent makes it easy to detect any damaged fiber optic cable using a laser fault finder. The team also develop a special connector which is the backshell or the conduit adapter to ensure the conduit is easy to access and protect the fiber optic cable. Task 2A for FLASH program is to develop and installation of the flight control using FBL system using parts and components produced by Task 1A. Task 2A will be responsible to put on FBL system onto test aircraft but limited to certain flight control surfaces for ground and flight demonstration. Ground demonstration team for Task 2A have managed to develop and installed the main flight control fiber optic data bus system, the FBL primary flight control computers or the PFCs, a remote terminal/ distribution unti or the RDU and a smart actuator along with an affordable fiber optic data link to the RDU. The demonstration from ground team for Task 2A will validate whether the aircraft closed loop system with FBL installation will function accordingly.ÂÂ   The ground demonstration covers all ACAS architecture including: Active Hand Controllers (AHCs), Primary Flight Control Computers (PFCs) the optical data buses (ARINC-429 and AS-1773A). a smart actuator for spoiler, an intelligent Remote Distribution Unit (RDU), and AVMAC connector that Task 1A previously developed. According to John R. Todd et al (1993), the real challenge of FBL system is the installation process and maintenance that needs to be done just like any other systems. MDA-TA/DAC have come up with few options on how to install and maintain the FBL system on aircraft. Some of the options are modification of present product and some of it are an improvement from previous product to suit with fibre optic and the FBL system. FIBER OPTIC TRAY INSTALLATION As FBW nowadays advances into more electrical aircraft, the amount of copper wire increasing to cater huge demand of electrical system. Aircraft manufacturer have come up with the idea of tray installation which provide a specific compartment to install all the wiring to ease the work for maintenance by separating each compartment according to their function.ÂÂ   Figure below is the example of tray installation concept being use for FBW system. Figure: Example of tray installation for fibre optic/wire on aircraft This tray installation concept from FBW system will give more advantage for FBL system due to the reduction of the numbers of interconnects making FBL configuration more practical and effective. CONDUIT ASSEMBLY All of MDA-TA/DAC production aircraft utilized conduit assembly which is basically a clear tubing. The main purpose of this conduit is to provide extra security to the cables where work is done on a tight spacing and less work area. If the conduit is accidently bent, the tubing will always maintain a safe bending radius and prevent any physical damage to the cables. The tubing is also lightweight and very durable which adds another advantage. Using the conduit assembly, hybrid configuration may be achieve by combining both electrical and fibre optic cable into a same conduit.ÂÂ   The following figure will show the examples of conduit assembly as MDA-TA/DAC are using on their production aircraft. FIGURE: Flexible Conduit for Fibre Optic Installation ACTIVE OPTICAL CONTACT Active Optical Contact or AOC is an active optical device that is embedded into the electrical contact point or connector shell. This type of installation basically use standard electrical connectors but inside the connectors, the electrical signal from transmitter is being converted into light signal and send through fibre optic cable which will reach the end of the cable in the form of light signals. This light signals then will be converted into electrical signal inside the receiver connectors which also have the embedded optical device. The AOC will act as the connector between two electrical signal port that is the transmitter and the receiver but will be sending the signal in the form of light signal via fibre optic cable. This results in no optical contact between transmitter and the receiver thus eliminating the need of extra devices at the end of both port to convert light signal into electrical signal. FIGURE: Active Optical Contact FIGURE: Example of AOC working principle (https://www.slideshare.net/allanlee/sfp-trrx-selection-guidejan2014) AVIONIC MULTIFIBER ARRAY CONNECTOR (AVMAC) Multifiber Array Connector II or MACII that was being use is going to be replace with the new Avionic Multifiber Array Connector or AVMAC. The new AVMAC was developed with ATT with the purpose of upgrading the old MACII for fibre optic connection. The main function of new AVMAC is to be the termination point of fibre optic ribbon assembly. Ribbon fibre is basically a group of fibres, 12 or 18, arranged into a linear array. This ribbon fibre will be jacketed, wrap with buffer coat and strength member which will be very similar to the single channel fibre as MDA/TA-DAC approved. The AVMAC is a device which will connect the array of fibre in the ribbon to hold each individual fibre so that it can be align and easier to install to the other mating half. Figure: Cross-sectional of ribbon fibre assembly which consist of 12 fibre optic cables. SPLICES During maintenance and installation, fibre optic needs to be splice to fit. After testing several fibre optic mechanical splices and only two mechanical splices that achieved MDA/TA-DAC approval. Although the two mechanical splices is considered to date fit their installation and maintenance approach, it is still cannot withstand the aircraft environment and none is consider as the right mechanical splices for aviation grade quality. The reasons for this result came from several points of the disadvantage of using market-ready mechanical splices in aircraft environment. First reason, fibre optic cable need to remove the buffer and the strength member in order to do splicing. If the buffer and strength member removed from the cable, every mechanical protection for the glass fibre ends at the splicing. Second, having the glass fibre exposed to the atmosphere, moisture in the air will get into the micro-cracks that naturally exist and will further expand the severity of the cracks into larger cracks. Increase in optical power loss as the micro-cracks elongated and propagated. Lastly, apart from previous problems with market-ready mechanical splices, it is also imposed a fire hazard due to this fusion splicing creates spark while being use on aircraft. Regulation made it clear that any devices that create spark or open flame are not permitted on fuelled aircraft. Due to the disadvantages mentioned, MDA-TA has develop their own designs for their fibre optic mechanical and chemical bond splices. The new invention of splices/connectors would be a small, one piece construction that is lightweight and could withstand aircraft environment. The new connectors that were design with environmentally sealed construction should be accepting a single mated pin and socket termini for either fibre optic cable or standard copper wire. The connectors is very adaptable and can be install anywhere directly onto fibre optic cable that might need repairs such as a splices, modification or maintenance purpose. Next figure will show the example of the newly design connectors to fit aircraft usage and regulation. Figure: Fibre Optic/ Electrical Single-Channel Splice/ Connector/ Feedthrough Contents ABSTRACT Part 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW 1.2 IMPORTANCE OF THIS STUDY 1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES 1.4 HYPOTHESIS 1.5 LIMITATION Part 2: Literature Review 2.1 Overview 2.2 FLY-BY-LIGHT AS NEW EMERGING TECHNOLOGY FOR AIRCRAFT SYSTEM 2.2.1 Advantages of using fibre optic cables over copper cables 2.2.2 INSTALLATION OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE ON AIRCRAFT 2.2.2 FLASH PROGRAM FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2.2.2.1 OPEN ARCHITECTURE CONCEPT 2.2.2.2 MAJOR ASPECTS IN FLASH PROGRAM

Ethics of Pornography and Its Negative Affect on Women Essay -- Pornogr

Women have long been exploited through pornographic material, such as videos, photos and literature, these materials, more-so now, than ever, portray women purely as sexual objects. The evolution of the business? popularity has done nothing but help fuel a false impression, subjugating women in modern day culture and society, yet still, banning pornography in the US would be nearly impossible, due to complex issues dealing with the first amendment and obscenity laws. With instances of discrimination based on sexual orientation, race or sex being in most cases illegal, the practice of pornography should most definitely not be acceptable or perpetuated, especially in a country like the US where this said industry defies everything of which our country is founded upon. This rise [in popularity] looks as if it is related, almost in a hand by hand parallel, with growth of sexual violence against women in America. A real life example of the link between the onset of pornography in American culture and sexual crimes includes a survey done in 1978, in which 44% of the nine hun...

The Media and Eating Disorders Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topic

The Media and Eating Disorders It is funny how so many girls and women today are led to believe that the only way to feel attractive and be beautiful is to have their bodies consist of nothing but skin and bones. Women are dieting more today then they have ever been before. They are striving for an unattainable body figure that is portrayed by the media as being the ideal standard for today's women. It gets worse. Not only are women dieting unlike ever before, but they will ruthlessly harm their bodies in order to achieve these inaccessible standards. This ruthless harm that haunts so many women today just so happens to be what we call eating disorders. Anorexia and bulimia are the primary diseases that go in the category of eating disorders. Who is to blame for this daunting occurrence? In most cases, the media is either some or all to blame for the eating disorder and standards placed for women. Commercials, billboards, women's magazine ads, etc. are all forms of the media that portray negative images of women. When the women in today's society sees what is being advertised (which happens hundreds, if not thousands of times a day) it is not so shocking that many of them strive for these impossible body images. It is when the want and desire becomes so strong that these women drive themselves to starvation and other forms of eating disorders. In order to realize the effect that advertising is having on girls and women in society today, it is important for people to know the facts and statistics that are current about eating disorders. Eight million girls and women are affected with eating disorders (Wilson and Blackhurst 111). Among college-aged women, bulimia affects nearly one in every five (Wilson and Blackhurst 1... ...than the media. It is important, though, to recognize the kind of effect media and advertising has on women. It is important to realize that because of what is portrayed in Western society, many women will go to great lengths (sometimes deadly lengths) just to meet these portrayals. If society wants to change what women are doing to themselves every day, than it is up to the media to start showing women today that it is okay to be who you are, big or small. Works Cited Key, Sandra W.; Lindgren, Maryclaire. "Skinny Models in Ads Cause Immediate Anger, Depression in Women." Women's Health Weekly (5/11/99) 11. Wilson, Nona L.; Blackhurst, Anne E. "Food Advertising and Eating Disorders: Marketing Body Dissatisfaction, the Drive for Thinness, and Dieting in Women's Magazines." Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development 38 (99) 111-122.

mice and men :: essays research papers

If two characters stand out to me who contrast in the more ways in the book Of Mice and Men, it would be Curley and Lennie. One is smart and witty while the other is big, dumb, and strong. From the moment these two characters meet, Curley has a hate towards Lennie. Lennie is to dumb to dislike Curley back because Lennie does whatever George tells him to, and George tells Lennie to stay away form Curley. Steinbeck makes Curley out to be a character in which you dislike from meeting him. He is rude towards George and Lennie, and everyone at the ranch abhors him. Curley is quick and a good fighter because he was the runner-up in the â€Å"Golden Gloves† competition, so he can fight. Lennie is almost completely opposite. He isn’t a fighter; he just is a hard worker. Not smart or witty, just listens to directions and does his best. Doesn’t want any trouble from anybody; just wants everyone to get along and he just wants to take care of the rabbits. Lennie comes off t o me as a very nice loving character that everyone likes and gets along with. He is so innocent, and all Curley does is harass him because he is jealous of his size. I feel bad for Lennie because he doesn’t know that Curley is doing this he just does what Lennie, with the help of George’s instruction, wants to do and minds his own business. Even though these characters are different in numerous ways, there is always a foundation for similarities, and of course Lennie and Curley have their occasional resemblance of each other. Both men are interested in the same woman. Curley is married to a woman who ahs the eye real bad, and Lennie thinks this woman is pretty. Even though Lennie doesn’t know that looking at her that way is wrong, he still does and Curley looks at her the same way. These men are both chasing the same girl just neither knows about it. I believe that Lennie chasing Curley’s wife is going to cause some sort of problem later in this story. Even though this may be a very simple comparison, they both work on the ranch and buck barley. Even though Lennie is a much better worker, they have to do the same thing for the same money. So they are equals on this basis.

Othello Language

In Shakespeare’s Othello there is an immediate contrast between Iago and Othello’s language. In â€Å"Act1 scene 1† Iago’s first speech to Roderigo is of a revengeful nature and evil tone. â€Å"Despise me if I do not. Three great ones of the city (In personal suit to make me his lieutenant). † Iago is infuriated with Othello’s neglect of him, Shakespeare creates this foreshadow of a tragic outcome early on, but he misleads the audience into thinking that Iago’s language is justified. Furthering Iago’s support from the Elizabethans is that Othello is seen as an outsider.In Aristotle theory of poetics one of the main themes of tragedy are the aspect of awe and pity, and that the protagonist is not introduced straight away. The audience automatically feels pity for poor Iago, as he has to beg Roderigo for money and has been deprived a promotion and because Othello is not primarily introduced he has no way of proving his justificat ion for appointing Cassio. This in the eyes of the Elizabethans makes Othello the antagonist. In â€Å"Act 1 scene 1†. Othello's mind is poetic but simple, he is not observant.His nature tends outward. He is quite free from self examination, and is not given to reflection. Emotion gives him his imagination, but it confuses and dulls his intellect. In â€Å"Act 1 Scene 2† Shakespeare’s use of poetical linguistics limits Othello’s views on other characters â€Å"honest Iago†. One of the main contrasts of language in Othello is â€Å"Act 1 Scene 2†. This is when the audience became aware of Iago’s duplicitous nature, at the beginning of the play he speaks of his resentment filled hate â€Å"I know my price, I am worth no worse a place.But he (as loving his own pride and purposes)† but he warns Othello of Brabantio’s â€Å"bad intentions†. Shakespeare showed the transformation in Iago’s language when he was int eracting with other characters. This presented the audiences growing distrust. However articulate Othello is commanding, but arrogant â€Å"Keep up your bright swords for the dew will rust them† confident in his speech, he wooed â€Å"virtuous† Desdemona with his â€Å"enchanting† war stories.Shakespeare wanted the audience to be in awe of Othello and pity evoked for Iago in â€Å"Act 1 Scene 2† allowing the audience to empathise. At this point of the play, dramatic irony sets the scene as the audience know of Iago’s â€Å"villainous† plans, but engrossed Othello has fallen under the hypnotism of love. Shakespeare’s use of language presents his obsession with â€Å"sweet† Desdemona as thereâ€Å"love is Olympus high†. â€Å"Act 1 Scene 3†

Recruitment and Selection of Incepta Pharma

30th September, 2012 Howhitethornara L. Ahmed Course teacher Manpower supplying and Personnel insurance (J-601) Bangladesh University of Professionals Mirpur Cantonment Dhaka 1216Subject Submission of treat on enlisting and survival of the fittest knead of Incepta pharmaceutical callerceuticals Ltd Dear Madam, here is the report on enlisting and plectron Process of Incepta drug fellowshipceuticals Ltd. , which you keep up assigned us as classify of the course class Manpower cookery and Personnel Policy (J-601). This is a root word assignment, which was assigned after a serial publication of class lectures and case studies. Thank you for pass us the fortune to prep ar this report. We think the chance to apply our theoretical cognition which give surely stand us in well stead.We hope that notwithstanding of the limitations, this report pull up s give ins give a f be idea regarding Recruitment and Selection Process of an governing body to the interested reader s. We will be glad to clarify queries if you pitch any. Finally, we thank you again for providing us the opportunity to carry out such study. sincerely yours yours, Md. Hafizur Rahman Faruque Ahmed Recruitment and Selection Process of Incepta drug political partyceuticals Ltd. hustling for Homayara L. Ahmed Course Instructor Manpower Planning and Personnel Policy (J-601) Prep atomic descend 18d by Md. Hafizur Rahman M1112023Faruque Ahmed M1112038 MBA-12 BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONALS Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka September 30, 2012 Executive abbreviation Incepta pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a wind pharmaceutical corpo dimensionn in Bangladesh which established in the grade 1999. instanter they argon exporting their products in 57 countries. approximately 4000 individuals from diverse disciplines ar representing in the company. To attain the goals and objectives, Incepta drug company choose the reclaim tidy sum primitively(prenominal) from internal and external sour ces. Only for door aim useees they use external enlisting and weft paradees.Their external enlisting sources are universities and other(a) governances. Recruitment modes are transaction fair, campus enlisting, internships, advertisement, employee referrals. They use massive audience method as pickaxe tool. Person/ makeup staffing model is get priority in the natural pickax lick. For mid(prenominal)(prenominal)dle and old train employees they follow promotion system ground performance and experience. They always elect employee referral. The authoritative key factor of the success of Incepta pharma is strong well-disposed and co-operative practiseing environment.Employees component part their tasks with each other. In suddenly vacancies of avocation, employees work like squad. CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction Recruitment is the process of identifying that the nerve needs to employ someone up to the point at which application forms for the post make believe a rrived at the boldness. Selection and so consists of the processes involved in choosing from applicators a suitable candidate to encounter a post. Recruitment and alternative is the bosom objectives of HR division of an organization.To attain the goals of an organization choosing the function people in correct at time right locating is rattling important. Incepta follow their deliver recruitment and selection process to pick up the best candidates which adjusted their organizational culture. They guess in team work. Employees share their work each other and help to thought the tasks. They build a very co-operative and friendly environment which is the master(prenominal) ingredient to piece their ultimate goals & objectives. 1. 1 Background of Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. s a leading pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh established in the twelvemonth 1999. Incepta began its operation with a handful of highly skilled and employ profession als head by an able leadership. Proper strategical planning, skillful excellence, swift and timely decisions helped them achieve their objectives leading to much faster growth. Incepta was able to search the need of the market and provide the right product at the right time. laid-back focus on R&D investment from the very beginning do workable the introduction of quality products in advance of its competitors in virtually cases. Incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. s this instant the 2nd swelledst Pharmaceuticals company of the country and recognise as the immediate growing of the point five manufacturing company in the country. . The company produces various types of dosage forms which include tablets, capsules, unwritten liquids, ampoules, dry powder vials, powder for suspension, emaciated sprays, eye drops, creams, ointments, lotions, gels, pre modify syringes, liquid filled badly gelatin capsules, lyophilized injections, humanity vaccine etc. Since its inception, Incep ta has been launching hot and groundbreaking products in order to fulfill unmet beseech of the medical community.The focus has always been to necessitate new, more technologically advanced molecules and forward-looking dosage forms to the country. Headcounts To achieve their purpose and mission, they plead their values of integrity, respect for people, innovation, performance and leadership. Around 4000 individuals from diverse disciplines including pharmacy, microbiology, MBA, Accounting, Engineering and Medicine are working nationwide under the umbrella of Incepta. All the skilled and professional personnel department are set at their very allot responsible positions. . 2 Objectives of the see * To agree about the real-life practices of recruitment and selection process practiced in incepta Pharmaceuticals Ltd. * To learn about the selection tools used and do a cursory analysis of the boldness/reliability of these tools. 1. 3 regularityology and Sources of data Primar y data We collected selective training about recruitment and selection process of Inceta Pharma by count to faces interview. Md. Iftakhairul Alam Shehab Asst. Officer, military man Resources shared the recruitment & selection process of incepta with us.Secondary data From the website of Incepta Pharma, we collected their background and some other nurture. 1. 4 Scope of Our field of honor This report is prepared wholly the theme of Head office of Incepta Pharma which situated in Tejgaon, Dhaka. Basically we dont emphasize on their whole industrial recruitment and selection process. CHAPTER TWO 2. Recruitment To attain the ultimate goals and objectives of an organization, recruiting the right people is very important. Recruiting brings together those with professions to fill and those want meditates. 2. Recruitment Sources This is the first-class honours degree stride in the recruitment and selection process. Sourcing candidates means organization employment specialist i s development a variety of methods to find suitable candidates for course vacancies. Sourcing can be done via online advert on job and career sites or professional ne twainrking and participation in treat associations. Another creative sourcing technique employment specialists utilize is monitoring employment changes at industry competitors to recruit applicants familiar with the resembling type of business you are operating.So recruitment sources are * Internal Searches * Employee Referrals/Recommendations * External Searches * Alternatives The main external recruitment sources for initiation direct employees of Incepta Pharma are Universities, Other organizations. For accession aim employees universities are good recruitment sources. Incepta pharmaceuticals is a reputed organization and maintain good working environment so employees of other organizations are also eager to assemble the organization. For mid and elderly aim they go for internal recruitment. 2. 2 Communi cation meatThere are about trinity types of capacitys (Traditional, Realistic job preview and targeted), organization may use to provide information that will attract a world-shattering pool of subject candidates and discourage categoric ones from applying. Incepta Pharma normally use existent job preview type message in their advertisement. 2. 3 Recruitment Method 2. 3. 1Entry Level Incepta Pharma use job fair, campus recruitment, internship (mainly for pharmacists) advertisement, employee referral method for external recruitment. They use university teachers referral for pharmacists recruitment. natural selection radical more often than not for medical promotion officeholder (MPO) they give news paper advertisement. Here they need higher yield ratio because when applicants understand the tariff and challenges during training plosive some of them switch the job. They use employee referral because it is toll effective and these types of candidates also have to wrap up an elongated selection process for last-place selection. So there is no casualty of nepotism. They use job fair and campus recruitment because the processes require less time and the methods are targeted.By using internship they can evaluate an applicant practically. Challenges of the Methods Except advertisement by using job fair, campus recruitment, internship, employee referral methods they are getting only limited applicants but a enormous number of applicant are not coming to their applicants pool. So there is most possible action the organization is depriving from more high-octane candidates. 2. 3. 2 Mid and senior level The organization follows promotion system for mid and senior level employees. When the company was started they followed send hunting for mid and senior level employees. entirely now they use internal sources for mid and senior level employees recruitment. Mid and senior level employees turnover is rare in the incepta. When any mid and senior level emp loyee turnover or dead past responsibility of that person is shared by his/ her team because they would like to do team work. Then the vacancy post is filled up by promotion system on performance basis. They do not follow success plan culture. Choice basis If they use external recruitment processes for mid and senior level employees it will be time consuming and new employees will take time to hold the environment.So it is not good for mid and senior level employees. As they would like to do team work the employees know the duties and responsibility of their boss and colleague. So they can well share duties and responsibility when a mid or senior level employee negative stimulation or dead. Challenges If any time for diffident situation turnover of mid or senior level is high then it surd to share duties and responsibility among the employees. They may face to problem for development/ ecological succession plan as they are pursuance internal recruitment process. CHAPTER THREE Selection 3. 1 Selection Selection of right people from enormous number of candidates is a very difficult task. If there is continuous recruitment and selection process year round of an organization, those must have recruitment and selection department. otherwise some organizations transfer their recruitment and selection responsibilities to the recruiting firm and they pay huge for it. Incepta Pharma handle their recruiting process own. Choice foothold of Selection Tools For Initial Assessment Incepta Pharma overview Resumes and Cover garner of a candidate.They take written test when a large number of employees are recruited. But for two or three employees they collect CV from CV bank and employee referral and start first interview. Though they prefer employee referral there is no possibility of nepotism because the applicants have to overcome an extensive selection process to get final examination job tour. So only competent candidates are selected for their job. 3. 2. 1 R esumes and Cover Letters All educational, previous experiences, extra curriculum activities and other required information are written in resumes and cover letter.And information needs to be verified by other predictors to ensure accuracy and completeness. Generally organization uses this selection tool to initial assessment of large number of candidates. But sometimes there is a possibility of falsification and misrepresentation of information in resumes and cover letters. Problem with resumes and cover letters Though resumes and cover letters is the most cost effective method of selection but in words of rigorousness or reliability is very low. psyche may be prepared his/her CV by other.Real work skills or noesis cannot be measured through this method. 3. 2. 2 Interview Method Any awe/curiosity is dissolved with the face to face meeting between employers and candidates. Interview is very important to evaluate person/ job match. For making the interview effective organization s hould follows these rules * Asking questions assessing most basic KSAOs * sticky to basic, fundamental questions suitable for making rough cuts rather than subjective questions * Keeping interviews apprize * Asking same questions of all applicants * Useing a standard scoring guideHowever it is almost out of the question to judge qualified candidates without Job companionship Tests and Performance Tests and Work Samples. But Incepta Pharma take only resumes and interview for selecting their qualified employees most of the cases. They take 3 step descriptive interview for choose their provide candidates. 3. 3 Selection Process The selection process typically consists of eight step 1. Initial screening interview 2. achievement of the application form 3. Employment tests 4. countrywide interview 5. Background investigation 6. conditional job bring home the bacon 7. Medical/ physical exam . Permanent job gallop For entry level employees selection Incepta Pharma follow following sequence arrangement of CV v Screening of CV v Written test v 1st interview by HR head v 2nd interview by head of the department v 3rd interview by film director v Conditional job offer v Final job offer Fig Selection process for entry level employee of Incepta pharmaceuticals Ltd. Always they do not take written test. It depends on number and types of the employees. CHAPTER FOUR ConclusionIncepta pharmaceuticals Ltd. Wants to be research base global pharmaceutical company and a highly efficient generic manufacturer. Now they are 2nd largest pharmaceuticals company in the country and exporting their products in the oversea (57 countries). But they started their business from 1999. They are fastest growing of the top five manufacturing company in the country. The market position they gained inwardly few years only possible by highly skilled and dedicated professionals who can take Proper strategic planning, technical excellence, swift and timely decisions guided by an able le adership.The most important factor that takes an organization in a leading position is its efficient and right human resources. Incepta obtained their skilled and experience human resources by well structured, concurrent and extensive recruitment and selection processes. They have own distinct recruitment and selection process. They prefer internal referral to pick up appropriate employee for their organization. Question may arise have they maintain nepotism and favoritism. Yes they use nepotism and favoritism in efficient and effective manner to become attention of sufficient candidates who will be resources in future.